Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Amino nitrogen containing
Patent
1998-01-13
2000-05-30
McAvoy, Ellen M.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Amino nitrogen containing
564495, 508549, 44414, C07C20900
Patent
active
060692812
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for preparing organic nitrogen compounds, in particular aminoalkanes, alkyloximes, alkylnitrones or mixtures thereof, from nitro-containing reaction products of olefin polymers with nitrogen oxides. The invention furthermore relates to specific organic nitrogen compounds and mixtures of such compounds, and to the use thereof as fuel and lubricant additives and to fuels for otto engines and lubricants containing these compounds or mixtures.
Carburetors and inlet systems for Otto engines, as well as injection systems for fuel metering in otto and diesel engines, are contaminated with impurities caused by dust particles from the air, uncombusted hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the crankshaft housing ventilation gases passed into the carburetor.
The residues shift the air/fuel ratio when idling and in the lower partial load range so that the mixture becomes richer, combustion becomes less complete and, in turn, the contents of uncombusted or partially combusted hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas become larger and the gasoline consumption increases.
It is known that, to avoid these disadvantages, fuel additives are used for keeping valves and carburetors or injection systems clean (M. Rossenbeck in Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineralol-additive, Editors J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt, pages 233 et seq., G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978).
At present two generations of such detergent additives are distinguished depending on the mode of action but also depending on the preferred site of action of auxiliaries of this type.
The first generation of additives was able only to prevent the formation of deposits in the intake system but not to remove deposits already present, whereas the additives of the second generation are able to do both ("keep-clean" and "clean-up" effects) in particular because of their excellent thermal stability, in particular also at zones of higher temperatures, namely at the inlet valves.
The principle of the molecular structure of fuel detergents can be stated in general to be the linkage of polar structures to usually high molecular weight, nonpolar or lipophilic residues.
Representatives of the second generation of additives are frequently products based on polyisobutenes in the nonpolar part of the molecule. Among these again additives of the polyisobutylamine type should be particularly emphasized.
Reaction products of higher olefins such as polyisobutenes or oligopropenes with nitrogen oxides and the use thereof as additives for mineral oil products are disclosed in German Patent Applications P 44 25 834.8 (1) and P 44 25 835.6 (2). Some aminoalkanes which may be derived from such nitro-containing reaction products, and ways for preparing them, are also described therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,463 (3) describes the preparation of oil-soluble aminoalkyl alcohols based on polypropene and polybutene with predominantly non-.alpha. double bonds by nitration of the underlying olefins with nitrogen tetroxide to give the corresponding nitro nitrate esters and reduction of these nitro nitrate esters with hydrogen in the presence of a metallic hydrogenation catalyst. The aminoalkyl alcohols obtained in this way are suitable as additives for mineral oil products.
FR-A 2 687 159 (4) discloses that nitrogen-containing polybutenes which are suitable as fuel or lubricant additives can be obtained by reacting polybutenes with aqueous nitric acid and subsequently treated with bases to form polybutene derivatives with reactive carbonyl groups and further reacting these polybutene derivatives with amines and subsequently hydrogenating.
The effect of the nitrogen-containing polyolefin derivatives disclosed in the prior art as additives for mineral oil products is still in need of improvement. It is an object of the present invention to provide fuel and lubricant additives with an improved effect. It was moreover the intention that it be possible to prepare such additives in good yields and high purities by simple and economic processes.
We have found that this
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Breitscheidel Boris
Harder Wolfgang
Kropp Rudolf
Reif Wolfgang
Schwahn Harald
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
McAvoy Ellen M.
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