Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1994-02-18
1996-05-14
McAvoy, Ellen M.
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
44424, 44425, C10M13304, C10L 122
Patent
active
055164439
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to chemical compounds and their use in improving the cold flow properties of crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil, for example distillate petroleum fuel such as middle distillate fuel oil boiling within the range of 110.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.
When oils and fuel oils are subjected to low ambient temperatures, wax may separate out from the fuel and impair the flow properties of the oil. For example, middle distillate fuels contain wax which precipitates at low temperatures to form large waxy; crystals which tend to plug the small pore openings of fuel filters. This problem is particularly acute when the fuel is a diesel fuel because the nominal apertures in the fuel filter of diesel engines are typically of diameter between about 5 and 50 microns.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,708 (Oswald; Exxon) describes a tetraalkyl phthalamide of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are C.sub.16 -C.sub.40 straight chain alkyl groups and may be the same or different, and their use as additives or as co-additives, e.g. as synergists, in combination with wax crystal modifiers for controlling the size of wax crystals that form in a distillate fuel oil at low temperatures, and for inhibiting agglomeration of the wax crystals.
EP-A-0 203 81 2 (Exxon) describes an additive composition suitable for improving low temperature flow properties of a wax-containing petroleum distillate fuel comprising a tetraalkyl phthalamide such as described above; an ethylene polymer and/or copolymer; a condensation product of a halogenated paraffin or an olefin with an aromatic compound; and an alkylated ether.
U.S. Pat. No. 3 598 782 (Beckman et al; Firestone) describes the use of N,N,N.sup.1,N.sup.1 -tetra-substituted xylylenediamines as their mixed para- and meta-derivatives as stabilisers for unvulcanised rubbery interconnected stereo-linear polymers. The substituents are generically stated to include alkyl groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl being mentioned but not specifically exemplified.
GB-A-1 464 510 (Pfizer) describes the use of N,N-dialkylxylenediamines in combating virus infections, the alkyl groups generically being stated to contain from 12 to 20 carbon atoms and specific examples being the ortho and para derivatives where the alkyl groups are n-hexadecyl.
This inveniion relates to a novel group of tetra hydrocarbyl derivatives, each hydrocarbyl group having a defined chain length and their use as additives for improving the cold flow properties of oils.
It is to be noted that, in this specification, the same substituent symbol (e.g. R.sup.1) may be defined differently in respect of different compounds or components. The specification should therefore be read accordingly.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a chemical compound comprising or including a cyclic ring system, preferably an aromatic ring system, the compound carrying at least two substituents of the general formula (I) below on the ring system one or more hetero atoms (e.g. 0) and that is straight chain or branched, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing 9 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more hetero atoms, the substituents being the same or different and the compound optionally being in the form of a salt thereof. Preferably, A has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is preferably a methylene or polymethylene group.
"Hydrocarbyl" in this specification means an organic moiety composed of hydrogen and carbon which, unless the context states otherwise, may be aliphatic, including alicyclic; aromatic; or any combination thereof. It may be substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl and may optionally contain unsaturation. Examples where it is substituted are oxy-, halogeno- and hydroxy-hydrocarbyl.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of the general formula (I) herein as an additive for improving the cold flow properties of a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil.
In a third as
REFERENCES:
patent: 2613208 (1952-10-01), Van Hook et al.
patent: 2696427 (1954-12-01), Biswell
patent: 3388103 (1968-06-01), Imohl et al.
patent: 3402200 (1968-09-01), Hayes
patent: 3474143 (1969-10-01), Butte, Jr.
patent: 3598782 (1971-08-01), Beckman et al.
patent: 3804762 (1974-04-01), Jervis et al.
patent: 4034040 (1977-07-01), Cronin et al.
patent: 4396517 (1983-08-01), Gemmill, Jr. et al.
patent: 4491455 (1985-01-01), Ishizaki et al.
PCT Preliminary Examination Report, PCT/EP92/01924, Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. et al (Month N/A).
PCT International Search Report, PCT/EP92/01924, Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. et al (Month N/A).
Jackson Graham
Kenward Rachel E. M.
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Mahon John J.
McAvoy Ellen M.
LandOfFree
Compounds and fuel compositions does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Compounds and fuel compositions, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Compounds and fuel compositions will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1893631