Thermal-environment sensor with means to simulate emissivity of

Details Thermal-environment sensor with means to simulate emissivity of Thermal-environment sensor with means to simulate emissivity of

1986-10-04

1988-05-31

Yasich, Daniel M.

Thermal measuring and testing

Temperature measurement

Composite temperature-related paramenter

374 9, G01J 502, G01K 300

Patent

active

047476990

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
(FIELD OF THE ART)

The present invention relates to a thermal-environment sensor to detect thermal conditions in an indoor environment which provide the data for the control of an air-conditioning system, for example, when it supplies the human body in a room with a comfortable thermal environment; in particular, it relates to the thermal-environment sensor, the emissivity of which corresponds to that of the human body.


(BACKGROUND OF THE ART)

Generally there is a limit to keeping a room under comfortable thermal conditions for the human body by an air-conditioning system which controls only room-temperature; therefore it is necessary to estimate the actual residential thermal environment by other factors of the thermal environment, that is, the total physical quantities of the speed of the air flow, the humidity, and the radiation. And to detect said thermal conditions, it is required that a thermal-environment sensor should be composed so as to have a mutual thermal relationship between said sensor and the human body based on the thermal equilibrium of the human body.
It should be noted, as disclosed in the official gazette, TOKKAISHO No. 58-218624 in Japan, that a similar kind of sensor exists, which comprises an electric heating element having an electric heater in an empty shell and a thermometer for measuring the surface temperature of said heating element, and which detects thermal conditions in an indoor environment considering the radiation by measuring the surface temperature of said heating element after supplying it with the predetermined thermal quantity by feeding an electric flow to said electric heater.
In the above conventional type sensor, the emissivity of the outer surface of the heating element closely conforms to the emissivity of the surface of the human skin or clothes thereon so as to establish a correlation regarding the thermal equilibrium between the sensor and the human body, considering radiation. But this sensor can detect only the rate of radiation and emission of a heat radiator (the heating element and the human body) with emissivity, whereas the rate of absorption of incident radiation from the outside (radiation from the wall and solar radiation) cannot be detected precisely. That is, regarding radiation from an object which has a similar temperature to the heat radiation (the heating element and the human body) such as radiation from the wall, emissivity is closely equal to absorptivity because the spectral distribution of the radiation is similar to that of the incidence, but regarding extraneous incident radiation in which there is a difference between the spectral distribution of radiation and that of the incidence, such as solar radiation or radiation from a heating apparatus, emissivity and absorptivity in said radiator (the heating element and the human body) do not always conform to each other. Therefore, if the spectral emissivity (equal to the spectral absorptivity) of said heating element does not conform to the spectral emissivity (equal to the spectral absorptivity) of the human body, in the case that there is a difference between the spectral distribution of radiation and that of the incidence, it is difficult to accurately detect the thermal environment due to the low accuracy of substantial conformity in the correlation regarding thermal characteristics between the surface of the sensor and that of the human body.
In regard to this point, the correlation regarding thermal characteristics between the above-composed thermal-environment sensor and the human body is described in detail as follows: sensor is given by: the heating element; Tr: the mean radiant temperature in a room environment; Ta: the temperature of the air; hgr: the radiant heat transfer coefficient of the heating element; hgc: the convective heat transfer coefficient of the heating elememt).
Meanwhile, the expression which calculates heat, Hsk lost from the human skin under the optional variable temperature environments is: convection, and evaporation from the human body, and the express

REFERENCES:
patent: 3326045 (1967-06-01), Vrsaljko
patent: 4058254 (1977-11-01), Hallgreen
patent: 4274475 (1981-06-01), Rall et al.
patent: 4446913 (1984-05-01), Krocker
patent: 4504157 (1985-03-01), Crabtree et al.
patent: 4592661 (1986-06-01), Wilson

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