Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1995-03-22
1997-01-07
Kight, John
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536 186, 5361231, 536126, 424 49, 424 65, 424 7013, 424 7019, 510405, 510473, C07H 1500, C07H 1504, C08B 3700
Patent
active
055918450
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for the production of surface-active compounds having improved detergency, in which water-containing pastes of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides are subjected to hydrolysis at elevated temperature and optionally under pressure.
STATEMENT OF RELATED ART
Alkyl oligoglycosides, more particularly alkyl oligoglucosides, are nonionic surfactants which are acquiring increasing significance by virtue of their excellent detergent properties and their high ecotoxicological compatibility. They are normally produced from native raw materials, such as for example fatty alcohol and sugar or starch sirup, which are acetalized in the presence of acidic catalysts.
Although the synthesis of alkyl oligoglucosides has been optimized for some considerable time and is now among the industrial processes, it still happens that two batches which have been produced under the same conditions show significance differences in detergency.
In this connection, it was proposed in DE-A1 41 17 689 (Henkel) to add small quantities of anionic surfactants to water-containing alkyl oligoglucosides to improve their performance. However, this involves an additional process step which is undesirable.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide a process which would guarantee the production of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides of consistently high detergent performance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the production of surface-active compounds having improved detergency, in which water-containing pastes of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (I): carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10, are subjected to hydrolysis for 5 mins. to 10 d at temperatures of 70.degree. to 180.degree. C. and under pressures of 1 to 50 bar.
It has surprisingly been found that the subsequent heat treatment of water-containing alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside pastes guarantees an improvement in the detergent performance of batches of otherwise unsatisfactory quality. The invention is based on the observation that heating of the water-containing pastes results in the hydrolysis or liquefaction of relatively high molecular weight units optionally containing water of crystallization with minimal washing activity, which has an advantageous effect on the detergent properties of the products. In addition, the sugar component can undergo partial oxidation, albeit to a lesser extent, to form anionic surfactants which also contribute towards the effect described above.
Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides
Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known substances which may be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. EP-A1-0 301 298 and WO 90/03 977 are cited as representative of the extensive literature available on this subject.
The alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides may be derived from aldoses or ketoses containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. Accordingly, the preferred alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides are alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosides.
The index p in general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP degree), i.e. the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and is a number of 1 to 10. Whereas p in a given compound must always be an integer, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined calculated quantity which is generally a broken number. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides having an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides having a degree of oligomerization of less than 1.7 and, more particularly, between 1.2 and 1.4 are preferred from the applicational point of view.
The alkyl or alkenyl radical R.sup.1 may be derived from primary alcohols containing 4 to 11 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl a
REFERENCES:
patent: 4889925 (1989-12-01), Schmid et al.
patent: 5266690 (1993-11-01), McCurry, Jr. et al.
patent: 5431840 (1995-07-01), Soldanski et al.
patent: 5449763 (1995-09-01), Wulff et al.
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm., 74, 163 (1972).
Giesen Brigitte
Schmid Karl
Syldath Andreas
Drach John E.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Kight John
Lee Howard C.
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