Electricity: measuring and testing – Particle precession resonance
Patent
1990-11-15
1993-11-02
Tokar, Michael J.
Electricity: measuring and testing
Particle precession resonance
324302, G01R 3320
Patent
active
052587096
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method to localize proton-poor objects which are situated in aqueous surroundings, in particular to locate submarines or sea mines in an ocean or in an inland water, wherein a magnetic disturbance is detected which is caused by the object in relation to its surroundings, making use of nuclear magnetic proton resonance.
The invention is further related to an apparatus to localize proton-poor objects immersed in water, in particular to detect submarines or sea mines, with at least one transmission coil to excite nuclear magnetic proton resonance by means of an alternating electromagnetic field and with receiving means to detect a resonance signal.
The invention is further related to using the method of nuclear resonance of protons.
This application is related to the following co-pending U.S. patent applications: SOURCE, IN PARTICULAR OF A SUBMERGED SUBMARINE, AND SUBMARINE", Ser. No. 07/614,300, filed Nov. 15, 1990, corresponding to International Application PCT/DE 90/00197;
2) U.S. patent application entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING ACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM SUBMERGED SUBMARINES", Ser. No. 07/602,310, filed Nov. 15, 1990, corresponding to International Application PCT/DE 90/00192;
3) U.S. patent application entitled "UNDERWATER VEHICLE WITH A PASSIVE OPTICAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM", Ser. No. 07/602,319, filed Nov. 15, 1990, corresponding to International Application PCT/DE 90/00196;
4) U.S. patent application entitled "METHOD FOR OPERATING SUBMERGED SUBMARINES AND SUBMARINE", Ser. No. 07/602,317, filed Nov. 15, 1990, corresponding to International Application PCT/DE 90/00194; and
5) U.S. patent application entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING ACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM SUBMERGED SUBMARINES", Ser. No. 07/614,200, filed Nov. 30, 1990, corresponding to International Application PCT/DE 90/00195.
Each of the above-identified applications is assigned to the Assignee of the present application, and the disclosures thereof are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
In connection with submarine combat, active as well as passive systems are used for localizing submarines.
In the active systems (e.g. SONAR) a search signal is emitted from on board the searching vehicle, for example a frigate, in general an acoustic signal in the sonic or infrasonic range. These acoustic signals are reflected off the surface of the submarine and reach receivers on board the search vehicle, such that with appropriate evaluation methods the position of the submarine can be determined from these detected signals.
To protect submarines from such active localization methods, furnishing the submarine with a coating on its outer hull which absorbs, as well as possible, the impinging acoustic signals is known in the art.
It has also been proposed to reduce turbulent flow around submerged parts by the addition of chemical additives (DE-A 23 18 304).
On the other hand, the passive localization methods use physical phenomena which are caused by the submarine itself. For example it is known in the art of locating submarines to use the fact that the metallic parts of the submarine disturb the earth's magnetic field. Therefore, localization probes are known which are based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance and which are towed by ships or aircraft on a long line over the ocean regions to be searched in order to detect distortions in the earth's magnetic field.
A further passive localization method, as described e.g. in EP Patent 63 517, EP-A 120 520 and EP Patent 213 418, is based on the measurement of acoustic signals which are emitted by the submarine. Namely, a submarine emits sound waves into the surrounding sea water to that extent that moving parts inside the submarine transmit vibrations to the hull. Primarily, measurable acoustic signals are created by moving drive elements of the submarine, that is, produced from the rotating parts of the propulsion motor and from the shaft, however, the rotating propeller and the cavitation produced by the propeller must also be considered as s
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Literature: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, vol. GE-8, No. 4, Oct. 1970, Author C. L. Buchanan, "Optical and Magnetic Instruments for Mapping the Ocean Floor", pp. 320-325.
Literature: Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift/Ausgabe B, vol. 17B, No. 7, 1965 (Berlin, DE), Author: G. K. M. Pfestorf et al., "Ein Verfahren zum Orten von Eisenkorpern in grosser Tiefe", pp. 149-152.
Literature: Applied Optics, vol. 24, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1985, Optical Society of America, (New York, US) Author: W. P. Rothwell, et al., "Petrophysical applications of NMR imaging", pp. 3969-3972.
Hamrick Claude A. S.
Tokar Michael J.
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