1986-06-11
1987-12-08
Joyce, Harold
98 381, F24F 1304
Patent
active
047111623
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to ventilation of rooms based upon the principle of supply of air by means of the parallel -flow system ("diffuse air supply") to the zones of the room which are occupied or will be occupied by persons.
THE PRIOR ART
A good ventilation system is distinguished thereby that it rapidly carries away the contaminants, i.e. that the time the contaminants are present in the room shall be as short as possible.
The main tasks of the ventilation are to supply the amount of oxygen necessary for the breathing and to keep the concentrations of contaminants sufficiently low. Heat generation may often be considered to be a contaminant, and it is then one of tasks of the ventilation to remove undesired heat.
In order to master these tasks a general ventilation and, very often, a supplemental ventilation are used in offices, in industry and in dwellings. The most usual supplemental ventilation within the industry and in dwellings is a point exhaust at the source of contamination, e.g. the kitchen stove. The general ventilation shall partly provide supply of oxygen and partly control the levels of contaminations from more "diffuse" sources. Examples of such sources are contaminations originating from people and from building materials. The exhaust, e.g. the kitchen stove hood, at the source of contamination is intended to take care of the contaminants directly at the source. The general ventilation and the point exhaust are differently designed, however, they have the same primary task , viz. to remove contaminants.
The way in which the supplied ventilation air is distributed in the room is one of the most important variables influencing upon the air quaility in the room. It has been found that the best air distribution is obtained by so called "piston flow". This means that the air, similarly to a piston, pushes the contaminants ahead of itself. This distribution of air yields the most rapid removal of contaminants from the room, see Environmental International, 8, p. 000-000, 1982, "Efficient Ventilation in Office Rooms" by Tor-Goran Malmstrom and Anders Ahlgren, and "Indoor Air, Buildings, Ventilation and Thermal Climate", the third international conference on "Indoor Air Quality and Climate", held in Stockholm Aug. 20-24 1984, pages 59-64, the article by Mats Sandberg and Mats Sjoberg.
The so called complete mixing ventilation yields a complete spreading of the contaminants, which is undesirable in many instances. However, the complete mixing ventilation is the predominantly used ventilation principle with supply of ventilation air through the ceiling, the walls and/or the floor of the room and exhausting the room air through the ceiling, the walls and/or the floor. The ventilation air or the air supplied is traditionally blown into the room by means of fans and a system of ducts, and it is aimed at a very rapid mixing of the air in the room, whereby the room temperature from the floor to the ceiling will be esentially the same at all levels, and the concentration of contaminants in the room air will similarly be constant at all levels in the room.
Ventilation by mixing will under certain operational conditions not lead to a complete mixing, e.g. as when the air supplied has superior temperature and both the means for supplying the air and the means for exhausting the air are arranged at the level of the ceiling. A short-circuit flow may then arise, and only a limited part of the air supplied will be utilized for ventilating the room, i.e. the ventilation efficiency becomes low.
The way in which the ventilation air is introduced into the room and the consequential distribution of the air in the room are, accordingly, decisive variables for the ability of a ventilation system to remove air-born contaminants in the air within the room. Further, the localization of the means for supplying the ventilation air and the means for exhausting the air is of essential importance to the ventilation effect obtained, and it has recently been shown that a so called floor-ceiling system according to whi
REFERENCES:
patent: 3032323 (1962-05-01), Church
Flakt AB
Joyce Harold
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