Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1996-04-29
1998-09-22
Teska, Kevin J.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
137 1, 137 2, 137 10, G06G 750
Patent
active
058124233
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention is directed to techniques for optimizing the flow of various working media, e.g., gaseous or liquid fluids, in various restricted spaces, e.g., in piping or in conduits of any configuration as well as in spaces of irregular and compound section. This technology can be successfully utilized in the design and use of various flow systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
When one considers the conveniences and necessities of everyday life, it is amazing to note the role played by fluid flow structures, such as conduits. For example, all the water used in homes is pumped through pipes so that it will be available when and where it is needed. In addition, virtually all of this water leaves the homes as dilute waste through sewers, another type of conduit. In addition to domestic use, the consumption of water by industry is enormous, including the processing of agricultural products and the manufacturing of durable goods such as steel and paper, to cite a few examples. All the water used in these manufacturing processes is transported by means of piping systems; the petroleum industry in the United States alone transports tens of millions of barrels of liquid petroleum every day in addition to billions of cubic feet of gas transported through pipelines.
In the foregoing examples, it is the transportation of the fluid that is the primary objective. However, there are numerous applications in which flow is a necessary but secondary part of the process. For example, heating and ventilating systems, as well as electric generating stations, utilize conduit flow to circulate fluids to transport energy from one location to another. Piping systems are also used extensively for controlling the operation of machinery.
Presently, the energy associated with a working media under flow, such as a flowing gas or liquid, is typically described by the Bernoulli equation: ##EQU1## where e--specific energy of the flow, "Hydraulics" by Bolshakov V. A., Popov V. N., Kiev Lead Publishers, 1989, p. 63.)
The energy to overcome resistance (h.sub.w) during the movement of the working media is typically wasted energy, i.e., mechanical energy that will be transformed into thermal energy. Therefore, it would be useful to reduce the wasted energy required for the transport of the working media, i.e., to minimize the value of h.sub.w.
The equation (1) obtained in 1738 by Academician D. Bernoulli of the Russian Academy of Sciences is still the principal equation of hydrodynamics. As a classical representative of Newtonian mechanics, using the mechanism of averaging the hydrodynamic parameters in the turbulent chaos of flow, it is still considered sufficient for the description of physical laws for the movement of fluid substances in various technical appliances. The Bernoulli equation denoting mathematically the law of energy preservation corresponds to the macroscopic level for the description of physical processes of fluid working media transport.
The investigations carried out within the last thirty years in the field of turbulence have shown a high level of organization of flows. The micromovements in the turbulent chaos appear to be so determined that it raises the question of the suitability of statistical averaging methods of the total ensemble of movements, taken as a whole.
Some traditional ideas taken as a basis for numerous technical implementations have already been reconsidered, for instance, the hypothesis of the existence of viscous substrate during the motion of the working media in which the roughness of the wall of the ducts will be diminished. (See Cantwell B. J., organized Motion In Turbulent Flow. Ann. Rew. Fluid Mech. 1981, V.13 pp. 457-515 or the selection of articles entitled "Mechanics". Vortexes and Waves" Edited by Nikolayevsky V. N., Moscow, "Mir" ("Peace"), 1984 p.6).
Presently, there are substances, including fluid helium and various metallic substances, known as super-fluids. The difference between the super-fluid system and the routine working media is the ability of the sup
REFERENCES:
patent: 4660587 (1987-04-01), Rizzie
patent: 5074324 (1991-12-01), Ng
Arsiri Vassili A.
Maisotsenko Valeriy S.
Maisotsenko Valeriy S.
Roberts A. S.
Teska Kevin J.
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