Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Unsaturated compound synthesis – By addition of entire unsaturated molecules – e.g.,...
Patent
1996-11-01
1998-04-28
Teskin, Fred
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Unsaturated compound synthesis
By addition of entire unsaturated molecules, e.g.,...
585521, 585522, 585523, 585524, 585525, 585527, 585531, 502113, 502114, 502115, 502116, 502117, 502121, 502125, 502126, 502128, 502129, 502131, 502133, 502134, C07C 218, C07C 222
Patent
active
057446784
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a 35 U.S.C. .sctn.371 filing of International Application No. PCT/JA96/00532, filed 6 Mar. 1996.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to catalysts useful for oligomerization of .alpha.-olefins and a process using the same for the production of .alpha.-olefinic oligomers.
BACKGROUND OF THE ART
Transition metal compounds have been widely used as the catalysts for oligomerization of olefins.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-49561 discloses the use of catalysts comprising nickel compounds, phosphine compounds and halogen-containing organoaluminum compounds for dimerization of lower olefins. The disclosed process is imposed with a restriction that the catalysts have to be prepared in the presence of lower olefins (gaseous) to be dimerized and further has a drawback in that the catalysts are not adequately stable or sometimes deficient in their activity, leading to reduced dimer yields (catalytic activity) for a given amount of catalyst.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-19408 discloses catalysts comprising nickel compounds, bis-dialuminoxanes and halogenated phenols for use in dimerizing .alpha.-olefins. The catalysts disclosed therein are superior to those disclosed in Patent Publication No. 47-49561 in respect of catalytic activity and stability, but have the difficulty that when used for a propylene feedstock, they are prone to by-produce large quantities of trimers with a dimer selectivity reduced to the order of 50%-70%.
Whereas, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel oligomerization catalyst capable of selectively producing .alpha.-olefinic dimers at an increased rate of yield.
It is another object of the invention to provide a process using the above inventive catalyst for the production of .alpha.-olefinic oligomers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An oligomerization catalyst according to the invention comprises the following components (A) through (D):
component (A) which is one or more of nickel compounds of the group consisting of a nickel salt of an organic acid, a nickel salt of an inorganic acid and a nickel complex;
component (B) which is one or more of organophosphoric compounds of the formula
wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 each are a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon residual group;
component (C) which is one or more of organoaluminum compounds; and
component (D) which is one or more of compounds of the group consisting of
(a) carbon-halogen bond-containing compounds,
(b) oxoacid and salts thereof,
(c) sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, and
(d) compounds of any of the formulae Q.sup.1 is an element of the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ca and Zn, X.sup.4 is a halogen or hydrogen atom, R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon group, R' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, R" is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group or an ammonium group, n is a valence of Q, l, m is a natural number that satisfies n=l+m, and p is a valence of Q.sup.1.
The process of the invention for the production of .alpha.-olefinic oligomers is carried into practice in the presence of the above defined catalyst.
The term nickel salt of an organic acid as used herein includes saturated aliphatic nickel carboxylates such as nickel formate, nickel acetate, nickel propionate, nickel octoate, nickel stearate and nickel 2-ethylhexanoate, and nickel naphthenates.
The term nickel salt of an inorganic acid designates nickel halides such as nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel fluoride and nickel iodide, nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate. There may be also used nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide as component (A).
The term nickel complex includes bis-(1,5-cyclooctadiene)-nickel, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel, bis-cyclopentadienyl nickel, bis(acetylacetonate)nickel, bis(ethylacetoacetate)nickel and nickel carbonyl. Preferred are bis-(1,5-cyclooctadiene)-nickel, nickel acetate, nickel naphthenate, 2-ethylhexanate nickel, and bis(acetylacetonate)nickel. More preferred are ni
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Aida Fuyuki
Matsuura Kazuo
Nakano Takashi
Tajima Yoshio
Nippon Oil Co. Ltd.
Teskin Fred
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