Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1982-07-29
1985-05-21
Kamm, William E.
Surgery
Truss
Pad
A61B 504
Patent
active
045179832
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to an electrode for an electrocardiograph used for measuring the potentials of a number of points of the human body surface near the heart, and through information processing of the measured potentials, a body surface potential map at the time of measurement is made so that the electrical activity of heart can be accurately detectd.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
According to a generally used electrocardiograph, the potential change of six points on the chest over a period of time is measured and represented on a graph with time as the abscissa and the potential the ordinate, whereby the heart disorder is detected from the wave form obtained relative to each point. However, with an electrocardiograph of this type, it is difficult to accurately examine the whole electrical activity of the heart. And according to a recently developed electrocardiograph, 80 to 200 electrodes are applied to various points of the body surface near the heart and the potential of each point is measured, whereby the electrical activity of the heart is synthetically judged.
By this electrocardiograph, an isopotential map for a certain time is made for the body surface near the heart, as shown in FIG. 1. In this isopotential map, the body surface potentials are shown on isopotential lines so as to make it possible to examine the distribution of the body surface potentials. This isopotential map is obtained e.g. by temporarily storing the potential of each electrode in a memory unit, calculating the isopotential points based on the potential of each electrode through a computer, and then drawing the isopotential lines e.g. at a pitch of a few tens of microvolts on a television or a XY-plotter.
When using this electrocardiograph, a plurality of isopotential maps are obtained at intervals of the sampling time and the enlargement or contraction of the positively and negatively charged parts of the body surface near the heart can be recognized from the change of the potential gradient, whereby the electrical activity of the heart is indicated.
However, in the electrocardiograph of this kind, it is difficult to apply a number of electrodes to the points of the body surface with small contact resistance, and to stably and correctly detect the potential of each point.
For example, it takes four persons as long as 30 minutes to 1 hour to correctly place the conventional suction type electrodes at about 100 points of the body surface, and only one or two patients can be examined under an hour even in the best conditions.
It is necessary that the electrodes of an electrocardiograph be applicable to any person, adult or child, male or female, having different body shapes. The electrodes must be free from errors in potential measurement due to the unevenness of the body surface or its upward and downward motion caused by the breathing. Further, the electrodes are required not to cause any terror, pain or sense of oppression to patients. Further, they must be able to be applied or removed easily and rapidly, and to be easily maintained. Furthermore, it is necessary to place the electrodes correctly relative to one another and without deviation.
In detecting the potentials of the points on the body surface, preferably all the electrodes are pressed onto the body surface with a strong force so as to stably and correctly measure the potentials at the electrode contact points. However, in an electrocardiograph for detecting the potentials of many points the human body, a number of electrodes are employed. And if the pressure applied for an electrode is 500 g and 100 electrodes are used, a force as strong as 50 kg is applied to the body in the area where it necessarily gives a strong sense of oppression to the patients. Therefore, such an electrocardiograph is extremely unsuitable for examining the heart of a patient having reduced strength.
Consequently, practically usable electrodes cannot be obtained simply by increasing the force with which the electrodes are pressed onto the body.
In a conventional
REFERENCES:
patent: 3516400 (1970-06-01), Krohn et al.
patent: 3628527 (1971-12-01), West
patent: 4037590 (1977-07-01), Dohring et al.
patent: 4121575 (1978-10-01), Mills et al.
patent: 4275743 (1981-06-01), Hjort
Akamatsu Norio
Toyosu Yasuhiro
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