Maize acetyl CoA carboxylase encoding DNA clones

Details Maize acetyl CoA carboxylase encoding DNA clones Maize acetyl CoA carboxylase encoding DNA clones

1994-08-18

1998-12-29

Fox, David T.

Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and

Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...

The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...

536 232, 536 236, 435 691, 435134, 4351723, 4353201, 800DIG56, A01H 500, C12N 1529, C12N 1582

Patent

active

058544208

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel DNA clones and uses thereof: including the use thereof to transform plants and genetically modified plants so obtained.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Clones according to the present invention comprise at least part of a DNA sequence of a gene encoding maize acetyl CoA carboxylase, or a sequence showing substantial homology therewith, flanked by heterologous DNA.
Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), a biotin-containing enzyme, catalyses the first step in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, namely the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to give malonyl CoA. Accordingly clones according to the invention have a number of uses, depending on their exact nature.
For example, clones according to the invention containing partial coding sequences of an ACCase gene may be used to probe plant DNA (for example genomic DNA, or cDNA libraries prepared from messenger RNA) to obtain other clones according to the invention. These other clones may be different or longer; they may be substantially complete clones of the maize ACCase, or part or all of genes coding for corresponding or similar enzymes in maize or other plants (both monocots and dicots). Partial sequences according to the invention may be used (generally but not necessarily in reverse orientation) in combination with a regulator sequence functional in plants to construct an expression cassette. This expression cassette can then be used to transform plants to down-regulate the production of ACCase enzyme. This can alter the composition of seed or other plant parts, for example enabling oil-bearing plants (oilseed rape, sunflower, oilpalm) having a lower or otherwise modified oil content to be produced.
Clones containing longer or substantially complete sequences of an ACCase gene may also be used to form similar expression cassettes. Such coding sequences may be used in plants (either by using more powerful promoters or by inserting extra copies of the gene) to promote the expression or overexpression of ACCase, for example leading to plants with an enhanced oil content.
Partial clones according to the invention can be used to probe plant DNA to recover the promoter of the ACCase gene. This promoter may then be used to generate RNA in a tissue-specific or developmentally-regulated fashion. The RNA so generated may inhibit expression of ACCase, or another gene; or be mRNA that generates ACCase, or another protein.
In monocotyledonous plants the ACCase enzyme is inhibited by certain classes of grass-weed herbicides (aryloxyphenoxypropionates such as fluazifop, alkylketones) whereas in dicots the enzyme is relatively tolerant to these herbicides. Accordingly in a further aspect the present invention comprises monocotyledonous plants resistant to herbicides active by interfering with the fatty acid synthesis pathway, said plants having been obtained by transformation with constructs according to the invention adapted to express ACCase enzyme. Such plants may be made resistant in various ways, for example: promoters or multiple gene insertions; for resistant maize ACCase might be obtained by mutagenesis and selection in a suitable host or by tissue culture of the plant in the presence of the appropriate herbicide.
The purpose in providing crop plants which resist the action of a herbicide is to facilitate the destruction of weeds growing between the plants by the overall application of a herbicidally effective concentration of a herbicide which would destroy the crop plant in its normal, that is herbicide-sensitive, state. Such resistant plants are also useful where there has been any short term carry-over of herbicide from a previous crop. The development of crops with novel types of herbicide resistance is agronomically useful, giving the farmer additional options to obtain an improved harvest by means which may be safer, cheaper or more effective than those currently available. In the present case, rendering maize or small-grain cereals such as wheat and barley resistant to the herbicide fluazifop would enable this

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