Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1994-09-01
1996-09-10
Kunz, Gary L.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536 41, C07H 100, C07H 304, C07H 306
Patent
active
055547419
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for the production of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosides by drying of an aqueous glucose/fatty alcohol suspension and subsequent acetalization of the dried mixture in the presence of acidic catalysts.
2. Statement of Related Art
Alkyl oligoglycosides are important nonionic surfactants for a number of applications. They are generally produced by acetalization of aldoses (mainly glucose) with fatty alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts (direct process). However, to obtain high yields in sufficiently short reaction times, it is of advantage to carry out the reaction in the absence of water. More specifically, this means that only water-free starting materials, i.e. starting materials with a residual water content of not more than 2% by weight, may be used for the acetalization. International patent application WO 90/3977 is cited as representative of the extensive literature available on this subject.
The use of pure materials, for example pure water-free glucose, adds to the costs involved in the production of alkyl oligoglucosides to such an extent that economic production is often impossible. Accordingly, there has been no shortage of attempts in the past to use technical glucose based on inexpensive water-containing glucose sirups which have been dried to the necessary extent [EP-A1 0 319 616]. However, a major disadvantage in this connection was found to be that conventional drying processes always influence the quality and composition of the water-free products and, in particular, can contribute towards an unwanted increase in the content of oligosugars and polysugars.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide a new process for the production of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosides which would be free from the disadvantages mentioned above.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the production of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosides, characterized in that with rotating fittings to a residual water content of 0.05 to 0.3% by weight and manner in the presence of acidic catalysts.
It has surprisingly been found that the drying of mixtures of water-containing glucose sirups with fatty alcohols in a turbo dryer gives water-free suspensions in which the content of oligosugars and polysugars is not unfavorably increased in relation to the starting material.
Glucose sirups are understood to be refined aqueous solutions of D-glucose, maltose and higher polymers of glucose (oligosaccharides, dextrins) which are obtained by acidic hydrolysis or enzymatic degradation of starch. The glucose sirups preferably used have a solids content of 50 to 85 and preferably 75 to 80% by weight and a DP1 degree (monomeric glucose content) of 80 to 99 and preferably 92 to 97% by weight, based on the solids.
Suitable fatty alcohols are primary alcohols corresponding to formula (I): radicals containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Typical examples are caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol and/or erucyl alcohol and technical cuts which may contain these alcohols in various mixing ratios. A technical fatty alcohol cut based on hydrogenated coconut oil containing 12 to 18 and, more particularly, 12 to 14 carbon atoms is preferred.
The molar ratio of glucose sirup to fatty alcohol may be 1:2 to 1:10 and is preferably 1:3 to 1:6, the ratio being based on the glucose in the sirup.
Turbo dryers in the context of the invention are cylindrical dryers, preferably of horizontal construction, in which rotating fittings turning at high speed provide for fine distribution of the material to be dried. In one preferred embodiment, the fittings in question are, for example, vanes, blades or paddles which are mounted on a rotating shaft (peripheral speed 5 to 25 and preferably 10 to 20
REFERENCES:
patent: 2390507 (1945-12-01), Cantor
Carduck Franz-Josef
Eskuchen Rainer
Schulz Paul
Drach John E.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Kunz Gary L.
Millson, Jr. Henry E
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