Process for the high-temperature gasification of heterogeneous w

Gas: heating and illuminating – Processes – Fuel mixtures

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48197R, 48215, C10J 320

Patent

active

057887233

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BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a process for the gasification of heterogeneous wastes, for example, municipal rubbish, which, possibly after a mechanical-thermal preliminary treatment, takes place with a melting of those components which cannot be gasified, the addition of oxygen to the gasification bed resulting with the aid of so-called oxygen lances.
Oxygen lances in the sense of the meaning given here are watercooled jets, with which oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is blown into the interior combustion chamber of gasification reactors.
The gasification of lignite or anthracite coal in high-temperature reactors can take place with the aid of oxygen lances with relatively little difficulty, because sufficient carbon is already present at times in the zone of flow of the lances for a gasification with introduced oxygen. It is adequate in this case to introduce the oxygen through a nozzle, possibly through multiple nozzles. The high temperatures, which in the core region of the gasifier amounts to approximately 2,000.degree. C. or more, makes cooling, expediently water-cooling, of the lance absolutely necessary.
Also known is the complete gasification of the carbon components of domestic and industrial wastes of all types, possibly after a thermal preliminary treatment, in high-temperature reactors, and the thermal destruction of the wastes occurring in the high-temperature region of the reactor. Such a process has become known under the name "Thermoselect process" (DE 4,130,416) (F. J. Schweitzer, Thermoselect Process for the Outgassing and Gasification of Wastes, EF-Verlag fur Energie und Umwelttechnik, 1994).
The conditions for the operation of high-temperature reactors for the gasification of wastes are essentially different than those for the gasification of coal, particularly when the wastes are to be gasified and thermally processed as unsorted mixed rubbish.
According to the respective conditions and specific type of wastes, it is not ensured, at least not with the required continuity, that adequate carbon will always be available in the reactor charge, particularly in the zone of the oxygen lance.
Disadvantages, attributable to the heterogeneity of the rubbish input as unsorted trash, can be at least compensated by a larger zone of effectiveness of the oxygen lances. By corresponding integration of the action of the flame over a larger area, it is possible to achieve a positive steadying of the gasification conditions. The greatly varying percentage mineral components in the heterogeneous wastes, which are to be melted out and cannot be gasified, requires a further adjustment of the thermal conditions with regard to the energy to be converted over the course of the process.
The known oxygen lances of conventional design to be utilized for coal gasification are only inadequately satisfactory with regard to the cited conditions for waste gasification.
For example, if the oxygen injected by the lances into the combustion chamber encounters inorganic materials there, not only will no gasification take place within the reaction chamber, but the oxygen will cool the inorganic materials, which may still have been partially molten just before that, until the inorganic materials drop below the melting temperature, disturbing the delicate equilibrium of the gasification process and preventing the discharge of meltings.
Such process disturbances could be countered by either ensuring the input of supplementary heat, as needed, into the zone of the oxygen lances, or by increasing the rate of flow of the oxygen. The effective zone in the burner segment of the reactor could be thereby increased. A combination of the measures cited above is also desirable.
It happens during the gasification of unsorted mixed rubbish with uncontrolled or unknown contents that melted droplets of metals or mineral slag--especially with the oxygen feed throttled down--plug the oxygen lances and thus render it largely ineffective.
The disadvantages of conventional oxygen lances in the gasification of wastes in high-temperature gasification reac

REFERENCES:
patent: 3920230 (1975-11-01), Murphy

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