Patent
1994-07-06
1998-08-18
Downs, Robert W.
395 22, G06F 1518
Patent
active
057969230
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for estimating unknown quantities. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for estimating unknown quantities under a rule which cannot be clearly expressed by numerical formulae or a rule which can be expressed by numerical formulae, and which requires much labor for actually calculating the numerical formulae.
BACKGROUND ART
From past years, a so called artificial neural network is known in which plural neuron devices are classified into multiple layers, each neuron device belonging to each layer is connected to all neuron devices belonging to other layers, and by supplying an input pattern to neuron devices belonging to an input layer, a predetermined output pattern is output from neuron devices belonging to an output layer, the predetermined output pattern being determined based upon the coefficient of coupling and threshold value of each neuron device. The artificial neural network is called as a hierarchical perceptron because the neuron devices constitute a hierarchical arrangement in the artificial neural network.
In the hierarchical perceptron, a so called learning is repeated. The learning is performed by supplying a known input pattern to a group of neuron devices of the input layer and supplying a known output pattern corresponding to the known input pattern as a teacher pattern, by calculating a difference between the teacher pattern and an output pattern output from the neuron devices belonging to the output layer based upon the input pattern, and by varying the coefficient of coupling and the threshold value of each neuron device so as to decrease the calculated difference. After carrying out sufficient learning, when an arbitrary input pattern is supplied to the neuron devices belonging to the input layer, an output pattern which should correspond to the input pattern is output from the neuron devices belonging to the output layer. That is, when at least a part of a plurality of input data of an input pattern is varied, corresponding unknown quantities are obtained as an output pattern.
The hierarchical perceptron is determined from its kinds and number of the data of input pattern, and when the output pattern is known which should be output corresponding to a known input pattern, after carrying out the learning by a necessary number of times using these known data, an output pattern corresponding to an arbitrary input pattern is obtained. Therefore, since the learning should be carried out again when the kind and number of data of the input pattern are varied, a disadvantage arises that varying in applicable extent cannot be easily dealt with.
Further, when the number of data of the input pattern increases, and the number of neuron devices belonging to each layer or the number of layers is not increased, accuracy of the output pattern is lowered, therefore the number of neuron devices constituting the hierarchical perceptron is great, and a disadvantage arises that a required time for learning is lengthened caused by the number of the neuron devices being great.
Furthermore, when a part of the input pattern and data which should be a true output pattern are obtained by a conventionally known measurement method and the like, a disadvantage arises that obtaining the rest of the input pattern is impossible caused by the arrangement of the hierarchical perceptron.
The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems. It is an object of the present invention to supply novel methods and apparatus for estimating unknown quantities, the methods and apparatus enabling estimating unknown quantities under a rule which cannot be clearly expressed by numerical formulae or a rule which can be expressed by numerical formulae, and which requires much labor for actually calculating the numerical formulae.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
To perform the object above-mentioned, a method for estimating unknown quantities according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of: kno
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Daikin Industries Ltd.
Downs Robert W.
Shah Sanjiv
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