Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids – Process – With nondrying treating of material
Patent
1992-12-03
1994-09-13
Gromada, Denise
Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids
Process
With nondrying treating of material
34 61, 34 62, 34428, 34443, 34491, 34594, F26B 700
Patent
active
053456939
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for drying, especially waste material, such as crustacean offal, fish offal, etc., to produce a fine-grained base material or additive for foodstuffs or animal fodder, whereby the starting material, optionally after coarse comminution, is passed to a chamber in which it is accelerated in a turbulent air current into various paths of movement, so that the material lumps continuously collide with each other, whereby they are decomposed into smaller and smaller pieces, thereby continuously exposing new surfaces of rupture.
Today, waste products from the fish processing industry, e.g. heads or claws of sea crab, shrimp offal, offal from crayfish, fish etc., are today destroyed or used mainly for animal fodder. A small part of these products is, however, subjected to boiling, drying and pulverizing treatment, whereafter they are used as stock or flavour extract. Traditionally, the extract is produced by air-drying the starting material, and subsequently grinding the dried material. The material may also be boiled dry or freeze- dried, either cut into small lumps or partly boiled down. Because of the very high initial costs and the large energy consumption direct freeze-drying is only used to a limited extent in spite of the fact that this method results in the taste-wise best product. Consequently, drying a partially boiled down product or spray-drying extracts are therefore the most used processes, but at the same time they have the effect that the quality of the end product becomes so poor that it is only usable to a limited extent. A large portion of the flavour agents which are bound in the tissue of the product is not sufficiently released by the processes used today.
Normally only the "soft" part of the fish or shellfish offal is used, while the "hard" part, such as shells and claws, which also contain flavour agents and large amounts of pigments, is lost.
It is the object of the invention to devise a method whereby the product is gently dried while retaining the flavour agents and pigments under a low specific heat consumption. Additionally, the drying should be performed in such a way as to achieve optimum removal of the water in the product. The water is present in the product partly as free water and partly as bound water. Together with the traditional drying methods (convection) the speed of drying is high to begin with as the free water on the surface rapidly evaporates, whereas the capillary conveyance of the "bound" water from the interior of the product towards its surface is considerably slower.
Summing up, it is an object of the invention to provide pieces; pieces or pulverized during the drying; high, but very low after the drying; and released and retained quality-wise.
These objects are achieved in that the air passed to the drying chamber is imparted partly with the inlet temperature of the starting material, and partly with the temperature which is determined by the decomposition rate, and the air is added in an amount adjusted according to the amount of starting material introduced per time unit, so that the free water is immediately removed from the exposed surfaces of rupture by evaporation, and so that the material is retained in the chamber by way of an exerted counter-pressure until a predetermined size of the pieces or particles has been achieved.
According to the invention, to ensure rapid drying under minimal temperature and gradient formation in the product, a continuous exposure of new wet surfaces takes place from which the water immediately evaporates by convection.
On account of the exposure of new surfaces, the original surface area gets at least 75-250 times larger, dependent upon the size of the starting products and end products, as a result of which the drying is restricted to a strict surface drying. The drying rate thereby becomes directly dependent on the rate at which (a) new surfaces are exposed and (b) heat energy is supplied. According to the invention these preconditions can be arranged as rapid progressions, and conseque
REFERENCES:
patent: 2588865 (1952-03-01), Moldenhauer
patent: 3140202 (1964-07-01), Naborney
patent: 3360870 (1968-01-01), Stephanoff
patent: 4070765 (1978-01-01), Hovmand et al.
patent: 4226027 (1980-10-01), Albus
Bloom Mark G.
Dunn Michael L.
Gromada Denise
Nutec SpA
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