Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing oxygen-containing organic compound
Patent
1995-11-07
1997-08-19
Rollins, John W.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing oxygen-containing organic compound
435135, 426 33, 426601, C12P 764, C12P 762, A23D 700
Patent
active
056587686
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application claims benefit of international application PCT/EP94/01304, filed Apr. 22, 1994 published as WO94/26854, Nov. 24, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The enzymic preparation of fats that can be used as human milk fat replacers, in which fats more than 40 wt. % of the total amount of saturated fatty acids present are in the 2-position, is the subject of our earlier European patent 0209327 (Application N.degree. 86305325.2) and European patent application 91300496.6.
According to these processes, fats (A) high in trisaturated triglycerides (=S.sub.3, wherein S is preferably palmitic) are converted with a source (B) that provides oleic acid moieties. Sources of B are, e.g., free fatty acid mixtures rich in oleic acid or triglycerides with a high oleic acid content in the 1,3-positions, e.g. high-oleic sunflower oil.
The conversion is carried out in the presence of a 1,3-specific enzyme. The product of this enzymic conversion containing residual amounts of non-converted S.sub.3, partial conversion products, such as SSO, and the desired conversion products (OSO), is subjected to a fractionation process in which a product rich in OSO is obtained while a product rich in SSO is removed and recirculated to the conversion zone. Spent oleic acid sources (B) are removed in a strip zone and can be used again in the process, if and when appropriate.
Human milk replacement fats can only contain very limited amounts of trisaturated triglycerides (S.sub.3, where S=saturated fatty acid with at least 16 C-atoms). When the amount of S.sub.3 is too high, the fat becomes too hard, and simultaneously absorption of the fat by infants is affected adversely.
However, the products obtained in the enzymic conversion zone normally still contain amounts of 7 or more wt. % of S.sub.3, which is above the level, generally regarded as acceptable (about 4 wt %). Only when these products were subjected to solvent fractionation could these levels be decreased to the desired level. However, wet fractionation requires high investments in equipment, time and energy and is therefore less attractive from a commercial point of view.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
We have now found a new process by which the desired fats of maximum levels of 3 wt. % of S.sub.3 are obtained and in which fractionation can be avoided.
Accordingly, our invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of triglyceride compositions, in which more than 40 wt. % of the total amount of saturated fatty acids present are in the 2-position, by enzymic interesterification of triglycerides high in trisaturates (=A) with a source (B) providing unsaturated fatty acid moieties (C.sub.18 or more), which process is characterized by the performance of an enzymic removal, using a 1,3-specific enzyme, of trisaturated triglycerides (=S.sub.3, S=C.sub.16 or higher), in particular trisaturated triglycerides high in P.sub.3 and/or St.sub.3 (P=palmitic, St=stearic) or a combination thereof (PSt P. etc.) from a product high in triglycerides rich in 2-saturated fatty acids from the USU and/or SSU type (U=unsaturated fatty acids C.sub.18 or more; S=saturated fatty acids C.sub.16 or more) by contacting the product rich in USU and/or SSU with an oil blend high in triglycerides with acids other than palmitic and/or stearic acid in the 1,3-positions, but not being a triglyceride composition with more than 40 wt % of the fatty acids in the 2-position being saturated fatty acids with 16 or more C-atoms.
Preferably, blends are used which are rich in triglycerides having a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic or linoleic acid or short chain saturated fatty acids, such as C.sub.8:0 ; C.sub.10:0 or C.sub.12:0 in at least the 1,3-positions.
A preferred process is a multi-step process comprising the steps of:
1) converting triglycerides A enzymatically with a 1,3-specific enzyme and the unsaturated acid source B in a first enzymic conversion zone;
2) removing the spent unsaturated acid source B from the crude product of 1);
3) optionally subjecting the remaining part of 2)
REFERENCES:
patent: 4275081 (1981-06-01), Coleman et al.
patent: 4876107 (1989-10-01), King et al.
patent: 5061498 (1991-10-01), Matsuzaki et al.
patent: 5286633 (1994-02-01), Moore
Japanese Abstract of Publication No. J62-000287, Derwent Info. 1995.
Loders Croklaan B.V.
Rollins John W.
Tate Christopher R.
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