Abrasive tool making process – material – or composition – With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
Patent
1984-01-26
1987-02-03
Whitehead, Harold D.
Abrasive tool making process, material, or composition
With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
51325, 125 11CD, B24B 5300
Patent
active
046400575
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus in which a grinding wheel is dressed while a work piece is being ground and more particularly to maintaining a constant effective rough depth during grinding the work piece.
HOWES: The Technique of Dressing During Grinding Proceeding, published in International Conference on Creepfeed Grinding, Bristol, 1979, suggests that dressing be done during grinding.
The advantage of dressing during grinding is that the profile, i.e. the precision of the grinding wheel, as well as its sharpness, i.e. its cutting ability, are preserved. Dressing during grinding is accomplished primarily with diamond profile dressing rollers. Dulling is thus eliminated. Profile variations, which show up in the workpiece as first degree defects, no longer occur. The service life in the grinding process is theoretically unlimited and time requirements for traditional dressing are eliminated.
During dressing-grinding the grinding wheel topography has a roughness which corresponds to the effective rough depths R.sub.ts. Time variation in grinding wheel topography, which in traditional grinding processes can be described, among others, with the time constant T.sub.s, do not occur in dressing-grinding. In other words, the effective rough depths R.sub.ts, which, as is well known, can be viewed as the criterion for the wheel topography, move on the axis t.sub.c =0 during dressing-grinding. In the past, dressing processes which occur during grinding have been executed with constant dressing feed speed. Consequently, the equation v.sub.frd =a.sub.ed n.sub.s (t) has applied, wherein v.sub.frd is the feed speed of the dressing roller relative to the grinding wheel, a.sub.ed is the infeed per grinding wheel revolution, and n.sub.s (t) is the speed of the grinding wheel. The speed of the grinding wheel n.sub.s (t) is variable in order to hold the grinding speed constant with decreasing grinding wheel diameter.
It is the object of the invention to retain the effective rough depth during the grinding process, while the roller speed is variable and the infeed of the dressing roller to the grinding wheel is continuous. The object is achieved with the process described.
The infeed a.sub.ed included in the dressing feed speed v.sub.frd =a.sub.ed .multidot.n.sub.s (t) and the speed quotient q.sub.d determine the initial effective rough depth R.sub.tso during dressing with a diamond profile roller. The initial effective rough depth R.sub.tso must be adjusted to the grinding process which follows the dressing process (in this case, no later than one wheel revolution).
In dressing-grinding the occurring dressing wheel topography, which can be well described by the effective rough depth R.sub.ts, is simultaneously the topography which becomes effective for the grinding process.
Therefore, the topographies which are proper and necessary for grinding processes can be created during dressing-grinding via kinematical adjustment values (q.sub.d and a.sub.ed). It may become necessary--for example during grinding cycles--to have the speed quotient q.sub.d or the dressing feed a.sub.ed =v.sub.frd(t)
.sub.s (t) follow certain functions of time or workpiece dimensions. By proper control of the dressing feed a.sub.ed wheel volume can be saved which otherwise are lost because of the dressing; or with the speed quotient q.sub.d close to +1 good conditions can be created for high limit time chip volume.
With the radial dressing feed distance l.sub.frd (t)=a.sub.ed .multidot.n.sub.s (t).multidot.t.sub.d, wherein t.sub.c =t.sub.d is the dressing or grinding time, the grinding wheel diameter d.sub.s (t) changes. In order to properly control the effective point or effective line between the grinding wheel and the workpiece by which the workpiece dimensions are affected, it is necessary to synchronize the feed movement of the dressing roller and the respective movement of the grinding wheel feed.
This is best achieved by means of a small computer which receives the input of adjustment and measuring values.
The invention
REFERENCES:
patent: 1666237 (1928-04-01), Fuller
patent: 3167891 (1965-02-01), Coes
patent: 3698138 (1972-10-01), Wada
patent: 4018010 (1977-04-01), Pozzetti
patent: 4118900 (1978-10-01), Moritomo
patent: 4163346 (1979-08-01), Matson
patent: 4222362 (1980-09-01), Kaiser
patent: 4422362 (1983-12-01), Chibana
patent: 4475321 (1984-10-01), Meyer
patent: 4483103 (1984-11-01), Bickel
patent: 4535571 (1985-08-01), Smith
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