Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Bacteria or actinomycetales
Patent
1993-06-11
1996-08-27
Knode, Marian C.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Bacteria or actinomycetales
4352535, 435886, C12N 120, A01N 6300
Patent
active
055498892
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a newly discovered Streptomyces species, Streptomyces dicklowii, which exhibits nematocidal and fungicidal activity in agricultural and horticultural settings. According to the present invention S. dicklowii can also inhibit the reproduction of nematodes. S. dicklowii and media from S. dicklowii cultures can be used as biocontrol agents in the treatment and prevention of nematode and fungal infection in plants, and particularly in commercially important crop plants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Biopesticides are increasingly finding use in agricultural and horticultural settings for pest control. The potential benefit of biopesticides, especially relative to chemical pesticides, continues to spur the search for new biocontrol agents. For example, biopesticides create less pollution and environmental hazards than chemical pesticides. Further biopesticides appear to cause less problem with the development of drug resistance in the pathogenic organisms.
One significant agricultural pest amenable to control using biopesticides is the nematode. Nematode damage to crops is estimated to be more than $3 billion per year yet only about $180 million per year is spent in combating nematode diseases. Since chemical pesticide control of nematodes is relatively expensive, it is thus only used on high value crops. Effective biocontrol agents for nematodes, which are generally cheaper to produce than chemical nematocides, thus promise to improve economic yield for a wider variety of crops.
Another major agricultural problem leading to widespread damage in plants is caused by fungal diseases caused by root rotting organisms. Often the best available methods to combat fungal diseases are chemical fungicides or to use fungus resistant plant cultivars. Such methods of disease management often are neither practical nor desirable. Consequently, biopesticides provide another resource for control of fungal diseases.
Accordingly, S. dicklowii and culture media from an S. dicklowii culture provide a new and effective nematocidal and fungicidal agent for the control of nematodes and fungi that infect plants, especially economically important crop plants. Moreover, the present S. dicklowii have been shown to inhibit nematode reproduction and nematode egg-laying.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides S. dicklowii, a newly identified species which exhibits nematocidal and fungicidal activity when applied to plants, particularly commercial crop plants, to the soil or to seeds of such plants. According to the present invention, S. dicklowii can further inhibit egg-laying and reproduction in nematodes. S. dicklowii, represented by isolate CR-43, provides a means to control and prevent nematode and fungal diseases in plants, particularly fungal root diseases. S. dicklowii is thus useful as a biopesticide with many advantages relative to chemical pesticides, especially with respect to environmental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. A method of using S. dicklowii or culture media from a S. dicklowii culture to control and prevent nematode or fungal diseases in plants is also provided.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a biological control agent which is a composition containing an amount of S. dicklowii effective to treat a nematode or fungal disease together with an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1(A) depicts a gas chromatogram of the fatty acid methyl esters present in S. dicklowii (CR-43).
FIG. 1(B) depicts a gas chromatogram of the fatty acid methyl esters present in S. avermectilis.
FIG. 1(C) depicts a gas chromatogram of the fatty acid methyl esters present in S. scabies.
FIG. 1(D) depicts a gas chromatogram of the fatty acid methyl esters present in S. acetoscabies.
In FIG. 2, petri dish A depicts the growth inhibition of fungus Rhizoctonia solani around agar plugs containing S. dicklowii (CR-43), and petri dish B depicts the no growth inhibition of fungus Rhizoctonia solani around agar plu
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Dicklow M. B.
Marban-Mendoza Nahum
Zuckerman Bert M.
Knode Marian C.
Larson Kristin
Research Corporation Technologies Inc.
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